“One of the most prominent definitions describes burnout ‘as a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment that can occur among individuals who work with people in some capacity.'”
– Maslach, Jackson & Leiter, 1996
In 1974, the year I started medical school back in Sweden, the German-born American psychologist Herbert Freudenberger published a journal article titled “Staff Burnout.” In it, he wrote about the physical and emotional symptoms of burnout, and he described how cognition, judgment and emotions are affected.
In 1980, while I was working in Sweden’s socialized health care system, Freudenberger wrote his book Burn Out: The High Cost of High Achievement. What it is and how to survive it.
In 1981, the year I landed on these shores, Christine Maslach published “The measurement of experienced burnout,” with the Maslach Burnout Inventory, which seems to be the standard tool for quantifying this condition, which was first associated with high-stress positions in the service sector. It was seen as related to serving the needs of very needy or complex clients with limited resources at one’s disposal.
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